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The Siege of Collioure (6 – 29 May 1794) saw a Republican French army led by Jacques François Dugommier invest a French port held by a Spanish garrison commanded by Eugenio Navarro. The actual siege work was carried out by Pierre François Sauret's reinforced division. After the three and a half week War of the Pyrenees siege the Spanish fleet sent to evacuate the garrison was blown off station by a storm. Navarro surrendered the town on the promise to exchange the paroled garrison with an equal number of French prisoners. After the defenders were released, the Spanish army commander Luis Firmín de Carvajal, Conde de la Unión refused to authorize the agreement or return any French captives. The infuriated French government afterward passed a decree ordering death to all Spanish prisoners and some units carried out the brutal order. ==Background== On 16 January 1794 Jacques François Dugommier replaced Eustache Charles d'Aoust as commander-in-chief of the ''Army of the Eastern Pyrenees''. Aoust was condemned and executed by guillotine on 2 July 1794. Dugommier had an advantage over previous commanders of the army because he came as the victor of the Siege of Toulon which ended on 19 December 1793. He was also a member of the National Convention and therefore part of the political establishment. Until Dugommier's accession, the ''Army of the Eastern Pyrenees'' was under the control of arrogant representatives on mission who abused their authority to remarkable degree. This situation now changed. Dugommier enjoyed good relations with the new representatives Édouard Jean Baptiste Milhaud and Pierre Soubrany. At first the two removed a large number of army officers in an indiscriminate manner. Unlike the earlier representatives, they interfered less in military matters and devoted themselves to obtaining supplies for the army. For example, they managed to get forage for horses and mules delivered that was previously held up by the ''Army of the Alps'' officials at Lyon. Dugommier organized the best soldiers into battalions of light infantry, which were a success, and grenadiers, which were a failure. He also separated the better troops into combat units and the worst men into garrison units. Some soldiers had been using fowling pieces. Except for 5,000 or 6,000 muskets, the inefficient infantry weapons were all replaced with good firearms. Under Dugommier, the artillery, cavalry and hospitals all saw some improvement. The ''Army of the Eastern Pyrenees'' received 10,500 troops from Toulon, up to 7,000 reinforcements from the ''Army of the Western Pyrenees'' and 6,000 men from training camps at Toulouse. Dugommier welded these into a field army of 28,000 trained soldiers and 5,000 recruits, placing 25,000 men in training camps or garrisons. Pierre Augereau's 6,300-man right wing division soon emerged as the best unit in the army due to frequent drilling. Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon commanded the 12,500-strong center, Pierre François Sauret the 5,000-man left wing, Claude Perrin Victor the 3,000-strong Reserve and André de La Barre the 2,000 cavalry troopers. An independent division operated in the Cerdagne farther inland, but its commander Luc Siméon Auguste Dagobert died on 21 May 1794 and was replaced by François Amédée Doppet. Antonio Ricardos, the commander of the Spanish ''Army of Catalonia'' died on 13 March 1794, supposedly after drinking a poisoned drink intended for Manuel Godoy, the close adviser of King Charles IV. His successor Alejandro O'Reilly died ten days later and the king appointed Luis Firmín de Carvajal, Conde de la Unión to lead the army. The interim commander Jerónimo Girón-Moctezuma, Marquis de las Amarillas fortified Le Boulou in the Tech River valley. When La Unión arrived to take command at the end of April, he set up his headquarters at Céret. Augereau lured La Unión into pushing 8,000 troops of his left wing forward, which suited Dugommier's strategy. There were 8,000 Spanish at Le Boulou in the center and 6,900 on the coast at Collioure. Between the Spanish center and right yawned a large gap. Dugommier ordered Sauret to watch the Spanish at Collioure while he hurled Pérignon powerful center division into the gap. The Battle of Boulou on 30 April–1 May was a French victory. The Spanish suffered 2,000 killed and wounded and 1,500 captured. Forcing their enemies to flee over the mountains to Spain, the French seized 150 cannons, 1,800 horses and mules and the entire Spanish baggage train while sustaining minimal casualties. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Siege of Collioure (1794)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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